What Happens When Domain Names Expire?

Ever wonder what happens when a domain name expires? If the domain name registration, reservation, renewal and expiration process seems a little murky to you, you are not alone. The "expiration" process is particularly misunderstood (and complicated), and it is very helpful to know how it works, particularly when watching a parked domain, or one that is pending deletion, and determining whether to try and buy it from the domain owner, or put it on "back-order" with one of the registrars, or take some other action.

There is an entire industry that does nothing but try to exploit expiring domain names, and the process and nomenclature is explained in excellent detail at this site.

Here is a quick summary from the reference site (at least for .com/.net/.org/.info/.biz/.us. domains):

Generally speaking, once a domain expires, the owner has 1-75 days to renew it, and the costs associated with a renewal usually increase as the domain moves from Hold (Registrar-Hold) to RGP (Redemption Grace Period).

During the Hold and RGP stage, the DNS, e-mail and web services cease to work for the expired domain. The domain gets removed from the zone file and does not appear to resolve (cannot find server error is displayed in the browser).

Once a domain reaches the deletion stage in the cycle (also known as PendingDelete) it can no longer be renewed and is marked for deletion by the registry. There are approximately 35,000 domains that go through the PendingDelete cycle daily.

After the 5 day PendingDelete cycle (or if a registrar chooses to immediately delete a domain), a domain drops and once again becomes available for registration.

Here are some interesting facts about the domain drop cycle:

120,000 to 200,000 domains expire daily due to non-renewals. Many of these are renewed as soon as the registrant realizes that their e-mail or site no longer works.
25,500 to 60,000 domains drop (become available) daily as part of the regular drop cycle.
Approximately 1.5 million domains are registered and dropped daily as part of domain tasting.
The official drop time for .com/.net is between 11 AM and 2 PM Pacific time (domains are deleted in batches throughout this period).

Source: http://techknowledgyblog.squarespace.com/techknowledgy-blog/2012/1/10/what-happens-when-domain-names-expire.html

Great Linux Guide.

http://ashutoshlinuxnotes.blogspot.in/p/18.html Hope you guys enjoy. good night.

Michael Dell & Bill Gates Entrevistas !

fonte: http://www.c-span.org/video/?324654-1/michael-dell-remarks-economic-club-washington

MARCH 4, 2015
Michael Dell Remarks at the Economic Club of Washington
Michael Dell, founder and chief executive of computer technology firm Dell Inc., delivered keynote remarks before a breakfast event hosted by the Economic Club of Washington. He talked about his experience of dropping out of college and starting his company at the age of 19, and the ongoing impact of technology and innovation on the global economy.

Março 4, 2015
Michael Dell observações no Clube Económico de Washington
Michael Dell , fundador e executivo-chefe da empresa de tecnologia de computadores Dell Inc., entregou observações keynote antes de um evento de pequeno-almoço organizada pelo Clube Econômico de Washington. Ele falou sobre a sua experiência de abandonar a faculdade e iniciar sua empresa com a idade de 19 anos, e o impacto contínuo da tecnologia e da inovação na economia global.

---

Bill Gates entrevista com Charlie Rose

http://www.hulu.com/watch/586723

The Startup Kids - Filme Completo

The Startup Kids is a documentary about the growing number of young web dynamos such as the founders of Vimeo, Soundcloud, Kiip, InDinero, Dropbox, and Foodspotting in the U.S. and Europe.


Release Date: 2012 Duration: 55 min
Cast: Timothy C. Draper, Trip Adler, Ben Way, Ping Li, Hermione Way, Brian Wong, Zach Klein, Leah Culver, Morten Lund, Loïc Le Meur, Ben Tompkins, Bryce Roberts, James Lindenbaum, Drew Houston, Jessica Mah, Alexander Ljung, Alexa Andrzejewski, Kristian Segerstrale, Carter Cleveland, Sam Lessin, Daniel Levine, Mg Siegler, Mike Butcher (Show Less)
Categories: Movies, Biography, Documentary


The Startup Kids is a documentary about young web entrepreneurs in the U.S. and Europe. It contains interviews with founders of Vimeo, Dropbox, Soundcloud, Debito and more who talk about how they started their company and their lives as an entrepreneur. Along with that people from the tech scene speaks about the startup environment including the venture capitalist Tim Draper and MG Siegler, tech blogger at Techcrunch. It features: Brian Wong Alexander Ljung Jessica Mah Leah Culver Ben Way Zach Klein Johar Carreon The documentary is available as download on iTunes or DVD. - and received 6,5 out of 10 on IMDb The official homepage for the documentary is www.thestartupkids.com Startup Kids is also a Danish blog for entrepreneurs, founded by the two Danish entrepreneurs Christoffer Baadsgaard and Morten Holst Henriksen. The blog was named before the documentary.

Advanced Meta tag Generator

Advanced META Tag Generator Title: Author: Subject: Description: Keywords: Generator: Language: Expires: Abstract: Copyright: Designer: Publisher: Revisit-After: Distribution: Select One 1. Global 2. Local 3. Intern Use Robots: Select One 1. All 2. None 3. Index 4. No Index 5. Follow 6. No Follow

Locating countries from IP Addresses

1.Converting an IP address to an IP Number
2.Retrieving the Country Name and Country Code from the IP Number

---

1. Converting an IP address to an IP Number

IP address (IPv4 / IPv6) is divided into 4 sub-blocks. Each sub-block has a
different weight number each powered by 256. IP number is being used in the
database because it is efficient to search between a range of number in database.

Beginning IP number and Ending IP Number are calculated based on following formula:
IP Number = 16777216*w + 65536*x + 256*y + z     (Formula 1)

where IP Address = w.x.y.z

For example, if IP address is "202.186.13.4", then its IP Number "3401190660" is based on the Formula 1.

IP Address = 202.186.13.4

So, w = 202, x = 186, y = 13 and z = 4

IP Number = 16777216*202 + 65536*186 + 256*13 + 4 = 3388997632 + 12189696 + 3328 + 4 = 3401190660

To reverse IP number to IP address,

w = int ( IP Number / 16777216 ) % 256
x = int ( IP
Number / 65536    ) % 256
y = int ( IP Number / 256      ) % 256
z = int ( IP Number ) % 256

where % is the mod operator and int is return the integer part of the division.

---

2. Retrieving the Country Name and Country Code from the IP Number

Search the IP-COUNTRY TABLE to match a unique record that has the IP
number fits between From IP Number and To IP Number.

For example, IP Address "202.186.13.4" is equivalent to IP Number "3401190660". It falls in the following range of IP number in the table because it is between the "From IP number" and the "To IP number".

"3401056256","3401400319","MY","MALAYSIA"

From the IP range, the Country Name is Malaysia and Country Code is MY.

IP-COUNTRY TABLE:
 

From IP Number	To IP Number	Country Code	Country Name
3400892416	3400925183	HK	HONG KONG
3400925184	3400933375	TH	THAILAND
3400941568	3400949759	AU	AUSTRALIA
3400957952	3400966143	AU	AUSTRALIA
3400982528	3400990719	HK	HONG KONG
3400990720	3400998911	ID	INDONESIA
3400998912	3401003007	PH	PHILIPPINES
3401007104	3401011199	IN	INDIA
3401023488	3401056255	TH	THAILAND
3401056256	3401400319	MY	MALAYSIA
3401408512	3401416703	HK	HONG KONG
3401416704	3401420799	KR	KOREA, REPU
3401441280	3401449471	PH	PHILIPPINES
3401449472	3401515263	MY	MALAYSIA
3401531392	3401539583	IN	INDIA
3401547776	3401580543	MY	MALAYSIA
3401580544	3402629119	CN	CHINA
3402629120	3404464127	JP	JAPAN
3405774848	3406434303	AU	AUSTRALIA
3406436352	3409969151	AU	AUSTRALIA
3409969152	3410755583	TW	TAIWAN
3410755584	3410780159	AU	AUSTRALIA
3410788352	3410796543	HK	HONG KONG
3410796544	3410800639	LK	SRI LANKA
3410812928	3410821119	AU	AUSTRALIA
3410821120	3410853887	TW	TAIWAN
3410853888	3410862079	HK	HONG KONG
3410870272	3410874367	IN	INDIA
3410878464	3410886655	ID	INDONESIA
3410886656	3410887679	TW	TAIWAN
3410894848	3410898943	HK	HONG KONG
3410903040	3410911231	HK	HONG KONG
3410919424	3410927615	IN	INDIA
3410944000	3410952191	PH	PHILIPPINES
3410952192	3410960383	TW	TAIWAN
3410968576	3410984959	NZ	NEW ZEALAND
3410984960	3411017727	TW	TAIWAN
3411017728	3411018751	HK	HONG KONG
3411034112	3411051519	HK	HONG KONG
3411058688	3411062783	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411066880	3411083775	HK	HONG KONG
3411087360	3411091455	CN	CHINA
3411091456	3411095551	SG	SINGAPORE
3411099648	3411107839	MM	MYANMAR
3411116032	3411124223	IN	INDIA
3411132416	3411136511	PK	PAKISTAN
3411147776	3411149311	HK	HONG KONG
3411156992	3411161087	PH	PHILIPPINES
3411165184	3411173375	MY	MALAYSIA
3411181568	3411189759	JP	JAPAN
3411197952	3411202047	BD	BANGLADESH
3411213312	3411215359	HK	HONG KONG
3411230720	3411247103	HK	HONG KONG
3411247104	3411255295	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411278848	3411296255	HK	HONG KONG
3411312640	3411313151	HK	HONG KONG
3411329024	3411337215	PH	PHILIPPINES
3411337216	3411341311	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411345408	3411411967	HK	HONG KONG
3411435520	3411443711	IN	INDIA
3411443712	3411460095	HK	HONG KONG
3411475456	3411476479	HK	HONG KONG
3411476480	3411509247	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411509248	3411517439	PH	PHILIPPINES
3411525632	3411529727	SG	SINGAPORE
3411533824	3411543039	CN	CHINA
3411558400	3411566591	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411574784	3411582975	IN	INDIA
3411591168	3411595263	HK	HONG KONG
3411599360	3411607551	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411607552	3411608575	CN	CHINA
3411623936	3411632127	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411640320	3411648511	PK	PAKISTAN
3411656704	3411673087	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411673088	3411674111	CN	CHINA
3411689472	3411701759	IN	INDIA
3411722240	3411726335	PH	PHILIPPINES
3411730432	3411738623	HK	HONG KONG
3411738624	3411739647	CN	CHINA
3411755008	3411763199	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411771392	3411779583	HK	HONG KONG
3411795968	3411804159	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411804160	3411805183	CN	CHINA
3411820544	3411832831	SG	SINGAPORE
3411836928	3411845119	MY	MALAYSIA
3411853312	3411857407	IN	INDIA
3411861504	3411869695	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411869696	3411943423	CN	CHINA
3411951616	3411967999	LK	SRI LANKA
3411968000	3411984383	AU	AUSTRALIA
3411984384	3412000767	IN	INDIA
3412000768	3412002815	CN	CHINA
3412017152	3412025343	SG	SINGAPORE
3412033536	3412066303	TW	TAIWAN
3412066304	3412213759	NZ	NEW ZEALAND
3412213760	3412221951	AU	AUSTRALIA
3412230144	3412246527	HK	HONG KONG
3412254720	3412262911	NR	NAURU
3412262912	3412273151	NZ	NEW ZEALAND
3412279296	3412281343	NZ	NEW ZEALAND

Linux LAMP - Virtual Hosts Configuration

<sub>Hello Linuxers this article may be helpful to set-up virtual hosts on a Linux Box.

The purpose of Virtual-hosts is to use different domains or multiple websites being served/hosted from one single web-server e.g. Apache2 and also organize them by directory, this can be done via name-based or IP-based virtual hosts.

In this case I use name-based website on a single ip address.
For example we need one directory on the document root for all files don't mix up in the same folder, so that each host has its own directory to avoid confusion.

Our goal is to make a new host called site1.com - we wish to put all files at /var/www/site1/ and access it via http://www.site1.com or http://site1.com
We know the Document Root is in /var/www/ that is explicit defined in /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/default
Here are the commands to make a virtual-host just repeat to create new ones.</sub>

Virtual-host set-up configuration

sudo mkdir -p /var/www/site1/public_html
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /var/www/site1/public_html
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/
sudo nano /var/www/site1/public_html/index.html

1.Inside index.html put this small text, use echo or edit file with nano:

<html>
<head>
<title>www.site1.com</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>
Success: You Have Set Up a Virtual Host</h1>
</body>
</html>

2.Now we create and add the real virtual-host and directory information entry to Apache2 configuration:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/site1

3.inside the file write:

<VirtualHost *:80>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com
        ServerName site1.com
        ServerAlias www.site1.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/site1/public_html
        <Directory /var/www/site1/public_html>
                Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
                AllowOverride All
                Order allow,deny
                Allow from all
        </Directory>
        ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/error_site1
        LogLevel warn
        CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access_site1 combined
        ServerSignature Off
</VirtualHost>

4.now we enable this site using a2ensite utility and reload Apache configuration:

sudo a2ensite site1
sudo service apache2 reload

5.To review we created the directory for the website, we gave permissions to the directory, we created a simple index.html, and created virtual-host configuration file and enabled it with a2ensite.
6.To finish we also need some ip-hostname entry to /etc/hosts to recognize this domain, I call it domain aliased to ip-address because we set *:80 in the config file.
On the sites-available/site1 file as you see are important directives like ServerName, ServerAlias and DocumentRoot which give unique identity to the virtual-host.

nano /etc/hosts

7.Edit the file and add an entry at the last line of the file:

127.0.0.1 site1.com www.site1.com

Useful configuration files location:

_{/etc/hosts - hosts file to define hostname ips and aliases
/etc/php5/ - php5 configuration file is php.ini
/etc/phpmyadmin/ - phpmyadmin directory
/etc/apache2/ - apache2.conf configuration file
/etc/mysql - my.cnf mysql configuration file}

Helpers to enable or disable virtual-hosts, modules

#They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their
# respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our
# helpers a2enmod/a2dismod, a2ensite/a2dissite. See
# their respective man pages for detailed information.

# enable site

sudo a2ensite

# disable site

sudo a2dissite

# enable an apache2 module

sudo a2enmod

# e.g. a2enmod php4 will create the correct symlinks in mods-enabled to allow the module to be used. In this example it will link both php4.conf and php4.load for the user
# disable an apache2 module

sudo a2dismod

# force reload the server configuration

sudo service apache2 reload

# useful links for virtual-host information
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/name-based.html
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/vhosts/examples.html
http://www.centos.org/docs/2/rhl-rg-en-7.2/s1-apache-config.html

Linux LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP)

  Install Apache

sudo apt-get install apache2

Testing Apache

http://localhost/

Install PHP

sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5

Step: Eventually you need to:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Test PHP

Step: Let's test if PHP is working correctly.

sudo nano /var/www/index.php

or...

sudo echo “<?php phpinfo(); ?>” > /var/www/index.php

Step 3. Save and close the file.

Step 4. Now open you're web browser and type the following into the web address:

http://localhost/index.php

(It will show you the page that has all information about your php. If you have prior experience of installing php in some other OS, you must have seen this page.)

Congrats you have now installed both Apache and PHP!

Install MySQL

To finish this guide up we will install MySQL.

Step 1. Once again open up the amazing Terminal and then copy/paste or type this line:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Step 2 (optional). In order for other computers on your network to view the server you have created, you must first edit the "Bind Address". Begin by opening up Terminal to edit the  my.cnf  file.

sudo nano /etc/mysql/my.cnf

Change the line

bind-address = 127.0.0.1

And change the  127.0.0.1  to your IP address.

(In Linux Mint 11, terminal itself asked to the set password, But if it doesn't follow the step 3.)

Step 3. This is where things may start to get tricky. Begin by typing the following into Terminal:

mysql -u root

Following that copy/paste or type this line:

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('yourpassword');

(Make sure to change yourpassword to a password of your choice.)

Step 4. We are now going to install a program called phpMyAdmin which is an easy tool to edit your databases. Copy/paste or type the following line into Terminal:

sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql phpmyadmin

After that is installed our next task is to get PHP to work with MySQL. To do this we will need to open a file entitled  php.ini. To open it type the following:

sudo nano /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

Now we are going to have to uncomment the following line by taking out the semicolon ";"
Change this line:

;extension=mysql.so

To look like this:

extension=mysql.so

Now just restart Apache and you are all set! 

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

PhpMyAdmin Configuration

If you get a 404 error upon visiting http://localhost/phpmyadmin: You will need to configure apache2.conf to work with Phpmyadmin.

sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

Include the following line at the bottom of the file, save and quit.

Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf

Installing LAMP on Linux Mint

1. Install Apache2 on Linux Mint using apt-get.

sudo apt-get install apache2
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin
sudo apt-get install mysql-server

2. Install PHP and the various modules enabling Apache to work with PHP using apt-get.

sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-auth-mysql php5-mysql

3. Install MySQL Server and set root MySQL user password with the following command, it will automatically prompt you for the password during installation.

4. Create a quick php test script that uses the phpinfo() function to test your server with. After running this command simply open up Firefox or Chrome and go to http://127.0.0.1/index.php or http://localhost/index.php.

sudo echo “<?php phpinfo(); ?>” > /var/www/index.php

5. Reload Apache2 Configuration

service apache2 reload

Clean Internet Explorer with a batch script.

This script is very useful to clean Internet Explorer Temporary files.

Instructions:
Copy the following code into a normal text file, but save it with .bat extension.
Example:
I open notepad paste this code there and save as clean.bat .

When i say .bat extension i mean to turn file.txt into clean.bat .
It doesn't matter choose a different name but i believe some names can't be used because the cmd interpreter reads the name of the file that is called to run and sometimes get into confusion if the script as name of windows command ( Ex: you couldn't name it dir.bat).
If you can't change a file extension you will need to go to -> my computer -> (on the top bar) Tools -> Folder Options and here select View tab and here uncheck Hide extensions for known file types.

@ECHO OFF
ECHO Deleting current user's Temporary Files, Cookies, History, Form Data and Stored Passwords
RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 1
RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 2
RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 8
RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 16
RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 32
RunDll32.exe InetCpl.cpl,ClearMyTracksByProcess 255
ECHO Done!
PAUSE
CLS


See ya!
Happy End of 2008 for all.

Create Linux Ubuntu Server Mini.iso Flash-Drive Installation

Hi there!
Preparing and Creating Flash drive Installation.
Sometimes or always is helpful to have a Flash Drive with a Linux server installation files ready, because for some reason you wish to install and with a flash drive ready at hand in a matter of minutes it's goal acquired. whatever the location, only depending on some types of microprocessor.(School/Friend's house/Office/Supermarket PC) That's up to you.

Requirements:
-Linux Running
-Flash drive 1 GB ( First Sectors Cleaned )
-Mini.iso
-Syslinux Mtools
-Lilo
-Qemu ( Optional but helpful )
I hope I'm not forgetting anything.

Let's go, open a Console Terminal Window to issue the commands to obtain or goal:

sudo apt-get install syslinux mtools Lilo qemu
wget URL/mini.iso

ATM, we have the required software downloaded/installed ready to start doing things because the following commands (fdisk , mount, cp and others) usually come with most Linux distributions so let's continue:

Insert Flash-drive in usb port:

If there is a popup saying something about pen drive let it or close it.UPNP Flasdrive/OS Amazing Huh?

Let's go to the Console again:

sudo -s we've got root prompt.

fdisk -l
Lists all Storage Media Drives on Linux - From the list printed on the screen will be a lot or few info.
The Flash-drive info might be last, lists their partitions types so go ahead take a look and make sure u know wich drive /dev/name is assign to your Pen-drive ok ?
maybe /dev/sdg ? and if the pendrive have 2 partitions will list /dev/sdg1 and /dev/sdg2.

Ubuntu or Debian based distributions detect and mount the drives automatically so if you do:
mount Will list all /devices mounted on the system at the time you issue the command.
Got it ?
Do you have important things in you Pen-drive? Put them somewhere! We're going to clean it format/create new partition table! Ok?

fdisk /dev/sdx Where x is the letter corresponding to your Pen-drive device.

ATM we are going/using Fdisk.

Does it say anything to you F disk? No no no.. Format Disk is the correct meaning. =)

m prints the help
p prints partition table
a sets the partitions of the table list active
w writes/commits everything u did/change while using/inside fdisk program
n lets you create new partitions

Just do this while inside fdisk:

press p -> delete them all
press n -> press p when asked if primary or extended ->

hit enter to use the default 1st cylinder, +750M for partition size.

Done 1 partition 750 MB primary first sector of the Disk.

press a and then 1 to make the partition active.

press t to change partition filesystem type:
choose 6 - Fat16

We are done of fdisk? Yes you are correct..No we aren't.We have to leave fdisk successfully, and it's by pressing w which will say write/do this work to my flash-drive.
Press W To write changes to disk! sweet W.

Actually the partition table is created on the disk assigned to /dev/sdx but its partitions are not formatted, BTW never tried to mount without being formatted with these commands we are going to do no, which will probably happen something interesting.

Formatting:

mkfs.vfat or mkfs -t vfat -F 16 -n UbuntServer /dev/sdx1 - You choose mkfs.vfat or mkfs -t vfat both will work.
You see? -F 16 -n UbuntuServer partition we created. The disk is now formatted by this command by this program called mkfs which is the abbreviation of "Make File System", I always say file system is like the towel you use in your life, 1 for dinner table other for bath, other for hands other for living room table, each one with its purpose, type, format and characteristics.

mkfs.vfat -F 16 -n UbuntuServer /dev/sdx1

Next. What comes Next?Do You've any idea? Software downloaded, Flash-drive device detected at /dev/sdxx, and Cleaned,Partition created, Partition formatted.
We are going to copy the contents of the .iso into the newly created Partition on our Flash-Drive.

Let's read, mount the .iso OK?
Do you think we have to waste a cd to burn the .iso image to be able to read it or copy its contents? Of course not, if you can read them with Power iso an Amazing App. for Microsoft on Windows Platform, you probably can read with other app for Linux Platform.
Answer: You can read .iso and other media images with a program/command called "Mount" which is an amazing tool in Linux.

We used mount at some steps before, to list every device or directory mounted on the system, but now we're going to mount an .iso image which is in some directory, maybe /user/desktop? Firefox default download directory. Let's mount it, but find the path to .iso image ok?

mount -o loop mini.iso /media/image Here we are located where the .iso image resides which avoids to write the path to .iso.

Now the contents can be seen in /media/image/.
ls -al /media/image/ To see the content of the mini.iso

We have to copy the contents of mini.iso to the partition we have created /dev/sdg1
But once again, is /dev/sdg1 mounted?

So, we do:
mount To list to check if is mounted somewhere if not;

mount -t vfat -o rw /dev/sdx1 /media/flashdrive

The two mount points: /media/image/ and /media/flashdrive/, image.iso and New Partition in Pen-drive, respectively, have to exist in order to mount command be successful.
Mounted everything, we can copy from one directory to the other.

cp /media/image/* /media/flashdrive/ This copy command "cp", copies all content on /media/image/* to /media/flashdrive.
We are copying contents from the mini.iso to the partition /dev/sdx1 (flash-drive).

Next:
Syslinux -sf /dev/sdx1 To set the partition boot-able.

lilo -M /dev/sdx To set a boot-able Mbr sector on disk.

To finish :

cd /media/flashdrive && mv isolinux.cfg syslinux.cfg To move inside the pen-drive directory and rename the file isolinux.cfg (a config file) to syslinux.cfg, the reason is .iso image uses a different boot method. Boot method that will be used is syslinux.

Remove and Re-insert Pen-drive:
This one is helpful to check if all this work is effective without reboot and preparing Micro Computer to boot from Flash-Drive.¹

¹ Setting your PC Personal Computer to boot from flash-drive can be done on Bios, or by simply pressing a key on power-up to get BBS (Booting Disk Selection).

The following code:
qemu /dev/sdx Once again where x is the letter your Flash-drive was assigned to.

I think we can try this with memory cards, pen drives, and any storage medium with capacity above 512 MB and with the bios of PC able to boot from this type of media. Nowadays almost any Motherboard Bios have feature, detects boot-able media when connected to it on POST(Power ON Self Test), a diagnostic test on Power-up.

I hope i was clear, I'll verify this guide for errors and tried to make it easier for the beginner/average Linux user.Or improve it in future.
Thank you for your attention.

sudo apt-get install Syslinux Mtools Lilo Qemu
wget URL/mini.iso
sudo -s
fdisk -l
fdisk /dev/sdx
750 MB, active, FAT16
mkfs.vfat -F 16 -n UbuntuServer /dev/sdx1
mount -o loop mini.iso /media/image
mount -t vfat -o rw /dev/sdx1 /media/flashdrive
cp /media/image/* /media/flashdrive/
syslinux -sf /dev/sdx1
lilo -M /dev/sdx/
cd /media/flashdrive && mv isolinux.cfg syslinux.cfg
qemu /dev/sdx


Stay Cool. [[]]
Happy Linuxing.

Allow x-server root login

I have Kubuntu installed with live cd and i wanted to be able to use the user interface "UI" as root user!
So i searched on the net for a solution, and here it is:

1. Open a console terminal and get root prompt
Code: sudo -s
-> Enter your password

2. Find this file
Code: ls -al /etc/kde3/kdm/kdmrc

3. Open it with a console text editor
Code: nano /etc/kde3/kdm/kdmrc

4. Find
Code: AllowRootLogin=false

5. Change to
Code: AllowRootLogin=true

6: Saving and Closing Nano => "Console Text Editor"
ctrl + x ; press y ; and press execute

You're done - Hope it'll be helpful.

The Evolution of Microprocessor:

The 45 nanometer (45 nm) process is the next milestone (commercially viable as of November 2007) in semiconductor fabrication. Intel started mass producing 45 nm chips in November 2007, AMD is targeting 45 nm production in 2008, while IBM, Infineon, Samsung, and Chartered Semiconductor have already completed a common 45 nm process platform. By the end of 2008, SMIC will be the first China-based semiconductor company to move to 45 nm, having licensed the bulk 45 nm process from IBM.

At IEDM 2007, more technical details of Intel's 45 nm process were revealed: * 160 nm gate pitch (73% of 65 nm generation) * 35 nm gate length (same as 65 nm generation) * 1 nm equivalent oxide thickness, with 7 Å transition layer * gate-last process using dummy polysilicon * 9 layers of low-k Cu interconnect, the last being a thick "redistribution" layer * contacts shaped more like rectangles than circles for local interconnection * lead-free packaging * 1.36 mA/um nFET drive current * 1.07 mA/um pFET drive current, 51% faster than 65 nm generation, with higher hole mobility due to increase from 23% to 30% Ge in embedded SiGe stressors



Intel's new 45nm Penryn microprocessor relies on a new recipe that combines the element Hafnium and metal gate technology to increase performance and significantly reduce eco-unfriendly, wasteful electricity leaks. But what does that mean?

Note: A viewer alerted us to a mistake, so this is the updated version . Originally posted November 11, the video was viewed by more than 12,000 times, favorited 20 times and 26 comments as of January 25, 2008. We apologize for any inconvenience. (less)



Inside the Ultra Mobiity workspace with Uday Keshavdas, who's prepping for the Intel Developer Forum in Shanghai April 2-3, 2008. He shows Mobile Internet Devices, including one that he cracks open to show where the new Intel Atom processor fits.

My Shopping Online

1 BELKIN WaveRest F8E262-BLU Gel Mouse Pad (Blue)


1 TRENDnet TEW-443PI 32-bit PCI 2.2 Bus Master Wireless Adapter





1 BELKIN WaveRest F8E244-BLK Gel Wrist Pad